青海省东北部地区中晚全新世人类对动物资源的获取与利用——以青海湖盆地尖嘴遗址为例     

陈晓良  刘向军  侯光良 《第四纪研究》2020,(2):367-378

青海省东北部地区复杂多样的地貌类型,为研究史前人类适应不同自然环境下的动物资源利用提供了条件.然而,已开展的动物考古研究主要聚焦在青海省东北部的河谷农业区,对于草原地带的研究相对薄弱,其先民对草原环境中的适应策略仍未得到充分讨论.本文选择农牧过渡带的青海湖盆地尖嘴遗址出土动物骨骼为研究对象,运用AMS 14C测年方法、动物种属鉴定和可鉴定标本数(NISP)统计,确认尖嘴遗址(3.2 ka B.P.左右)是一处卡约文化早期的人类活动遗迹,其先民以狩猎活动为主要生业策略,渔猎作为辅助生计,属"初级开发型"模式.在此基础上,结合青海省东北部地区已有动物研究资料,探讨了中晚全新世(8.0~2.0 ka B.P.)以来的动物资源获取利用及家畜饲养状态.结果显示:8.0~6.0 ka B.P.,本区先民以纯粹的狩猎经济为主,其猎取对象则为中小型哺乳动物,属"依赖型"生业模式;6.0~4.0 ka B.P.,本区先民获取动物资源方式仍以狩猎为主,并开始出现一定规模的家畜饲养(猪和狗),其生业属低水平的食物生产阶段,获取肉食资源的模式处于"初级开发型"阶段;4.0~2.0 ka B.P.,史前东西方文化交流的不断增强,驯化于西亚的家畜牲畜牛羊传入至青海省东北部地区,使得该区先民利用动物资源方式呈现多元化,构成了"初级开发型"和"开发型"两种生业模式,牛羊成为家畜饲养的主流.总体来讲,中晚全新世以来青海省东北部地区先民获取肉食资源的方式大致经历了由以狩猎-采集方式到家畜饲养方式的历时性转变,不同区域的自然环境差异及史前欧亚大陆东西方文化间的交流是起决定性作用的因素.  相似文献   

In situ LA-ICP-MS analyses of mica and wolframite from the Maoping tungsten deposit,southern Jiangxi,China     

Chen  Guanghong  Gao  Jianfeng  Lu  Jianjun  Zhang  Rongqing 《中国地球化学学报》2020,39(6):811-829

Acta Geochimica - The Maoping tungsten deposit is located in the Nanling W–Sn metallogenic belt in South China. Greisen and quartz vein types of mineralization developed in this deposit....  相似文献   

Impacts of confining pressure and safety thickness on water and mud inrush in weathered granite     

Jinquan Liu  Weizhong Chen  Zhiping Deng  Taogen Liu 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(2):144-153

Abstract

Due to the strong disintegration and water erosion of completely weathered granite, water and mud inrush disasters are apt to take place in this zone during underwater tunnel construction. The pore, compactness, seepage path length, fracture geometries and their interconnections for water and mud transfer are strongly influenced by confining pressure and waterproof-resistant slab safety thickness. In order to inspect the influence, a series of experiments based on a self-designed testing system and non-Darcy testing method were performed. The results indicated that the water and mud inrush evolution increased with the increase of confining pressure and decreased with the increase of safety thickness. In particular, the confining pressure mainly influences the initial evolution stage, and a critical safety thickness to prevent water and mud inrush is obtained. Besides, the non-Darcy testing method results shows that the water and mud inrush evolution affects the influence of non-Darcy flow. For example, while the safety thickness was smaller than the critical value, the evolution was large and unstable and its behavior transferred into nonlinear. In this case, the flow changed to non-Darcy flow.  相似文献   

Effect of nano-MgO on mechanical performance of cement stabilized silty clay     

Kai Yao  Dongliang An  Na Li  Chen Zhang  Aizhao Zhou 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(2):250-255

Abstract

A series of direct shear tests were performed on cement-admixed silty clay to investigate the effect of cement content and nano-magnesia (MgO) on its shear strength properties. For each normal stress, shear strength increased with cement content. However, an obvious increment in shear strength was achieved when the cement content was adjusted from 13% to 17%. Both cohesion and friction angle of cemented soil increased with cement content, and exponential function was adopted to correlate both the factors with cement content. For cement content of 10% investigated in this study, the optimum nano-MgO content was 10‰, wherein the cohesion could reach the peak value. The microstructure of the mixture revealed that the structure of the mixture was compacted for the optimum nano-MgO content. However, micro-cracks were formed when the amount of nano-MgO exceeded its optimum content.  相似文献   

Effect of different registration methods on precision of orientation based on RTK registration/georeferencing mode     

Shengming Hu  Zhijian Chen  Chenghui Wan  Chun Tang  Wen Xiong 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(4):385-392

Abstract

Compared with traditional methods, the three-dimensional laser-scanning (3D-LS) technique can efficiently acquire many high-quality geometric properties of rock discontinuities. In practice, engineers usually prefer to simplify the processing by using single-station point data and roughly orienting owing to the complexity of registration/georeferencing multi-station point data. However, prior published studies have paid little attention to the accuracy and reliability when determining discontinuity orientations using 3D-LS. We propose a reliable and accurate method with robust on-site applicability. As part of an ongoing effort, we are evaluating the precision of the commonly used coarse registration method and the fine registration method, and promoted the optimized coarse- and fine-registration methods and evaluated their precision. It is found that: (1) the common and the optimized registration method can meet our project’s engineering requirements, and the optimized registration method improved accuracy in the dip direction by approximately 1°; (2) fine registration using an iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm can correct both dip direction and dip angle; and (3) the orientation is of high precision with commonly used coarse and fine registration, whereas the optimization effect to correct the orientation is slightly limited.  相似文献   

一种无人艇自适应无线通信系统的设计应用     

卢筑飞  陈天利  王超 《数字海洋与水下攻防》2020,3(4):309-313

随着无人艇技术的发展成熟，各型无人艇已逐步应用到民用和军用领域。无线通信系统作为无人艇的重要组成部分，承担着无人艇与母艇之间信息交互的功能。从无线通信技术的发展现状出发，分析出适用于无人艇应用场景的无线通信技术及工程设计方法，并设计了一种自适应无线通信系统。该系统能根据无人艇工作状态提供连续稳定的数据链，经试验测试，运行效果良好。  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地西北缘及玛湖凹陷沉积储集层研究进展^*          下载免费PDF全文

张昌民  尹太举  唐勇  郭旭光  赵康  潘进  陈美玲 《古地理学报》2020,22(1):129-146

准噶尔盆地西北缘玛湖凹陷中心区10×10⁸ t级砾岩大油区的发现,带动了该区沉积储集层研究的不断深入。作者梳理了准噶尔盆地西北缘及玛湖凹陷的沉积储集层研究现状和进展,认为准噶尔盆地西北缘及玛湖凹陷的沉积储集层研究的进展主要表现为: (1)提出了新的砂砾岩储集层岩石相和岩石学分析方法;(2)探索形成了新的沉积储集层地球物理测井和地震描述技术;(3)针对不同层系,在沉积物源、沉积相、沉积环境、沉积体系和沉积模式等方面取得大量新认识,建立了大型退覆式浅水缓坡扇三角洲沉积模式,指导油气勘探不断获得新突破;(4)在成岩作用理论指导下,所发现的储集层埋藏深度不断增加。研究表明,玛湖凹陷的沉积体系具有继承性: 从二叠纪到新近纪,发育了火山—碎屑岩沉积体系、细粒—蒸发盐沉积体系以及粗粒冲积扇、扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲等沉积体系,气候、构造和湖平面变化控制了沉积体系的形成和演化。沉积储集层研究为玛湖砾岩大油田的发现提供了有力的理论支持。未来应当加强针对古老层系和深部地层的沉积储集层研究工作,重视新理论新技术在西北缘和玛湖沉积储集层研究中的应用,已经形成的理论技术需要在勘探实践中接受进一步检验和完善。  相似文献   

Building a model-based personalised recommendation approach for tourist attractions from geotagged social media data     

Xiaoyu Sun  Xia Peng  Yiran Chen  Yu Liu 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2019,12(6):661-678

When travelling, people are accustomed to taking and uploading photos on social media websites, which has led to the accumulation of huge numbers of geotagged photos. Combined with multisource information (e.g. weather, transportation, or textual information), these geotagged photos could help us in constructing user preference profiles at a high level of detail. Therefore, using these geotagged photos, we built a personalised recommendation system to provide attraction recommendations that match a user's preferences. Specifically, we retrieved a geotagged photo collection from the public API for Flickr (Flickr.com) and fetched a large amount of other contextual information to rebuild a user's travel history. We then created a model-based recommendation method with a two-stage architecture that consists of candidate generation (the matching process) and candidate ranking. In the matching process, we used a support vector machine model that was modified for multiclass classification to generate the candidate list. In addition, we used a gradient boosting regression tree to score each candidate and rerank the list. Finally, we evaluated our recommendation results with respect to accuracy and ranking ability. Compared with widely used memory-based methods, our proposed method performs significantly better in the cold-start situation and when mining ‘long-tail’ data.  相似文献   

基于COⅠ基因序列的长腹剑水蚤系统进化关系     

王兴霞  徐磊  王亮根  陈骁  郑媛媛  王雪辉  杜飞雁 《海洋学报》2018,40(6):92-103

长腹剑水蚤属（Oithona）是广泛分布于海洋近岸和外海海域的中小型桡足类中最为丰富的类群之一，由于个体小且形态差异微小，通过传统的形态学分类法对其进行准确鉴定难度较大。本文对南海分布的长腹剑水蚤属内的5个种，即瘦长腹剑水蚤（O.tenuis）、羽长腹剑水蚤（O.plumifera）、刺长腹剑水蚤（O.setigera）、伪长腹剑水蚤（O.fallax）和长刺长腹剑水蚤（O.longispina）线粒体COⅠ基因序列以及DNA数据库中长腹剑水蚤属其他地区种类COⅠ基因序列进行比较分析，使用ABGD （Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery）和GMYC （Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent）模型进行物种界定，分析种间种内遗传距离，并构建系统进化关系。结果显示ABGD和GMYC模型均可以很好地对长腹剑水蚤进行种类划分；种内遗传距离为0.0%~1.6%，种间遗传距离为17.7%~44.5%（Kimura 2-parameter双参数模型），表明种间出现较高的分化；贝叶斯系统树和最大似然树进化树结果均表明，简长腹剑水蚤（O.simplex）与其他种类相距较远，羽长腹剑水蚤和拟长腹剑水蚤（O.similis）中存在隐种的分化，分别是我国南海海域和地中海的羽长腹剑水蚤以及朝鲜海峡和北海的拟长腹剑水蚤，种间遗传距离分别为18.6%、22.9%。  相似文献   

中国近海生态环境变化的同位素示踪研究     

陈敏  曾健  杨伟锋 《海洋学报》2018,40(10):32-41

同位素在确定物质来源、指示生物地球化学循环路径、定量生物地球化学过程速率等方面具有独特的优势，本文以近海生态环境变化研究中常用的稳定同位素（13C、15N、18O）和放射性核素（14C、234Th、232Th、230Th、228Th、210Po、210Pb、137Cs、226Ra、228Ra、224Ra、223Ra）为对象，介绍它们在揭示海洋有机质来源、食物网结构、水体缺氧机制、氮循环过程、颗粒动力学、海底地下水输入、有机地球化学过程、沉积年代学等方面的应用，侧重于总结我国近海生态环境研究中同位素示踪取得的进展。伴随着我国经济的发展，近百年来我国近海生态环境也发生了明显的变化，基于同位素示踪揭示的近海富营养化和沉积环境的演变规律表明，我国近海生态环境自20世纪50年代起经历持续的变化，特别是在过去20~30年时间里，近海生态环境的变化尤为剧烈，反映出人类活动是我国近海生态环境变化的主要驱动力。未来需要通过发展新的同位素技术及拓展更广泛的应用，围绕近海海洋生态环境变化的突出问题，重点揭示近海生态环境变化的响应特征、变化速率和作用机制，从而系统地掌握近海生态环境的时空变化规律。  相似文献